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The Tribunal reviewed cases from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Serbia, and Canada, focusing on the environmental and human rights impacts of mining on Indigenous communities, water sources, and ecosystems. Frontline defenders presented evidence linking Canadian mining companies to environmental degradation and rights violations.
Key cases included Belo Sun’s operations in Brazil’s Amazon, uranium mining in Northern Saskatchewan, lithium extraction in Argentina’s salt flats, and gold mining in Serbia’s Homolje region. Witnesses reported water contamination, forced displacement, and harassment of environmental defenders.
The Tribunal criticized what it described as corporate impunity and issued recommendations, including stronger environmental protections, respect for Indigenous consent, and the suspension of harmful projects. It called for the withdrawal of Canadian mining companies from Ecuador and full reparations for damages globally. A final judgment will be delivered at COP30 in Brazil in November 2025.
Watch the full Tribunal hearings HERE.
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